Tuesday, January 31, 2012

World Economic Forum

http://www.weforum.org/faq

What is the World Economic Forum ?

The World Economic Forum is the foremost global community of business, political, intellectual and other leaders of society who are committed to improving the state of the world.

What is the World Economic Forum's mission ?

The Forum is “committed to improving the state of the world” and we go about achieving this through projects which address issues like HIV/AIDS treatment, water supply and fostering dialogue between Islam and the West. Summits give world leaders and members the opportunity to map out solutions to global challenges like terrorism and corporate citizenship. Developing insight on the most pressing issues also places the Forum in a unique position to mobilize people and resources to act.

Where is the World Economic Forum based?

The Forum’s headquarters are located on the outskirts of Geneva in a town called Cologny. The Forum also has an affiliate in New York, World Economic Forum USA, a representative office in Beijing and opened the Japan office in Tokyo in September 2009.

How did the World Economic Forum begin?
In 1971, Professor Klaus Schwab, then a professor of Business Administration at the University of Geneva, gathered European business leaders in Davos, Switzerland, for a discussion on global management practices. The success of this first conference led Professor Schwab to create the European Management Forum, which in 1987 changed its name to the World Economic Forum.

How is the World Economic Forum governed?
The Forum is a not-for-profit foundation. It has three main governing bodies:
The Foundation Board, which has overall responsibility for establishing the long term direction and objectives of the Forum, and which is comprised of international public and private sector leaders. The International Business Council, which acts as an advisory body providing intellectual stewardship to the Forum.
The Managing Board, which is the in-house management team responsible for the executive oversight and management of the activities and resources of the Forum.

Is the World Economic Forum like the UN, IMF or World Bank?
The Forum shares the goal of these organizations which is to make our world a better place. Where the Forum differs from the World Bank or the IMF is that forum does not provide capital to nations in need. While the UN’s members are state governments,WEF members come mostly from the field of business. Members, in turn, meet leaders from other walks of life during Forum activities and events.

Is the World Economic Forum just a private club for the rich and the powerful?
The Forum was founded on the precept that business cannot operate in a vacuum, and that the great challenges facing humankind need to be addressed by all stakeholders of society. The Forum also believes that economic development has created a better life for millions of people and offers hope to millions more. For these reasons the Forum regularly convenes business leaders and leaders from other key sectors of society to discuss, debate and address the major issues confronting humanity. Far from being a “rich man’s club,” the World Economic Forum is a unique platform for progress on some of the most difficult problems facing the world today.

Does the World Economic Forum have any political affiliations?
The Forum is an independent and neutral organization that does not take political positions on the issues it addresses. Rather, the Forum gives leaders of opposing political beliefs a unique opportunity to discuss their differences and discover common ground.

Who are the World Economic Forum's members and partners?
Our members represent the 1,000 leading companies and 200 smaller businesses - many from the developing world - that play a potent role in their industry or region. Our members are influential, talented and powerful people. Many are also innovative and inspiring individuals who challenge conventional thinking and are committed to making the world a better place. We also work closely with communities of leaders from academia, government, religion, the media, non-governmental organizations and the arts.

Partners are select member companies who strongly support, contribute to and benefit from the World Economic Forum’s commitment to improving the state of the world. They are actively involved in the organization's activities and contribute their expertise and resources.

How to apply to become a member of the World Economic Forum and attend events?
Please note that membership is company-based. If your company is interested in becoming a member, you can send us in-depth figures and details for consideration to contact@weforum.org. In addition to supporting the World Economic Forum’s mission, a typical Member company is one of the world’s foremost 1,000 enterprises with a leading role in shaping the future of its industry or region, a solid projected growth potential and a turnover of a minimum of US$ 5 billion. Participation in events is reserved for Partner and Member companies. Any remaining places will be allocated to leading non-Member companies on the basis of their relevance to the Foundation's existing Members and their contribution to the programme.

Why become a member of the World Economic Forum?
The Forum provides member companies, governments and institutions the opportunity to work together to address global challenges. This opportunity for partnership is based on the belief that no single group can tackle major issues on its own. Professor Klaus Schwab said: “We are living in times of enormous complexity and fragility in a truly interdependent world. Old recipes and traditional ways to deal with global challenges no longer suffice.” Cooperation at all levels will best meet the challenges facing our planet. Where else might you see a famous artist, political leader and religious leader having a discussion over coffee?

How is the World Economic Forum funded?
The Forum's funding comes from three sources:
Membership fees (CHF 42,500) from the 1,000 foremost companies who are the Forum's members and partners Partnership fees from Strategic Partners, Industry Partners and from partners in the Forum's events Participation fees for the Annual Meeting and for regional meetings and summits.

Does the World Economic Forum make a profit?
The Forum is a not-for-profit foundation. Its financial situation, like most organizations, changes from year to year. If any surplus exists from yearly operating costs, it is reinvested either to fund new initiatives and events or to expand existing ones.

What does the World Economic Forum do?
The World Economic Forum brings together leaders in business, politics and society for reflection and connection to generate ideas and proposals, bridging countries and cultures to address the issues affecting our world. We also bring the very best minds and experts to provide the necessary insight to allow leaders to make decisions that can bring about change for the better.Conferences like the Annual Meeting in Davos and regional summits are an occasion for leaders to outline major challenges and define strategies to address them.

Where are the World Economic Forum's events and who goes?
Forum events take place on almost every continent each year, and the Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland, is the largest of these. International and regional leaders, Forum members from the international business community, governments and institutions attend these meetings.

What kind of economic research does the Forum do?
Economic research at the Forum – led by the Centre for Global Competitiveness and Performance – focuses on identifying the impediments to growth so that strategies to achieve sustainable economic progress can be developed – strategies that reduce poverty and increase prosperity. The Forum’s competitiveness reports range from global coverage, such as The Global Competitiveness Report, to regional and topical coverage, such as the Africa Competitiveness Report, The Lisbon Review and the Global Information Technology Report.

How can I get copies of the Global Competitiveness Report?
The reports are available in print and online on our website.

What is the Annual Meeting, who attends and why is it so important?
Business, religious, government, cultural and society leaders meet each year in Davos, Switzerland, for the Annual Meeting. The event provides a platform for these leaders to debate the difficult global challenges of our planet, identify emerging risks and ways to address them. It’s not surprising then that many initiatives and projects have been created at the Annual Meeting.

Why is it held in Davos?
Since 1971, the scenic village of Davos has been the traditional site of the Annual Meeting. Holding the meeting in such a setting rather than a bustling metropolis allows attendees to focus more easily on the issues at hand.The alpine location also means that local authorities are in a better position to implement the high level of security required for such an event.

What about the protests at the Annual Meeting?
The Forum supports the rights of free speech and peaceful assembly, but opposes violence and destruction of property. In principle, the Forum is supportive of demonstrations by those who desire to have their voices heard. But the Forum condemns – vehemently and unequivocally – those who believe that violence is a legitimate form of public expression or debate. In answer to the protests, the Open Forum was launched to give everyone a voice in the globally focused debates at the Annual Meeting in Davos. On a year-round basis, you can also have your say about critical global issues on the Forum's weblog.

Can the public take part?
The general public cannot take part directly in the Annual Meeting for reasons of security and space. But the Forum and civil society organizations - including church, non-governmental and non-profit organizations - co-organize the Open Forum. These are discussions open to the general public, free-of-charge and held simultaneously with the Annual Meeting in Davos. The general public can also participate through social media by joining the discussions through a variety of ways including video blogs on YouTube, a community on Facebook or subscriptions to Twitter.

Are events behind closed doors, or are they covered by the media?
Many global and local media organizations produce special coverage of Forum events. In fact, nearly one in every five participants at the Annual Meeting hails from the media sector. The Forum’s weblog provides even greater access to sessions, and it is a virtual forum where people unable to attend the meetings can have their say too

Sunday, January 29, 2012

Vijay K. Nambiar

  • Vijay Nambiar is a veteran Indian diplomat and the Chef de Cabinet (Chief of Staff) under UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon since 1 January 2007. He holds the rank of Under-Secretary-General and is a member of the Secretary-General's Senior Management Team
  •  Vijay Nambiar has been appointed as special adviser on Myanmar

Saturday, January 28, 2012

The Investment & Technology Promotion (ITP) Division

  • The Investment & Technology Promotion (ITP) Division has been created within the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), Government of India to give a definite direction and focus to the economic diplomacy strategy of MEA. 
  • It works closely with Indian Missions abroad and Government Ministries/Departments as the nodal Division on trade and investment related matters. It also engages with Export Promotion Councils, Chambers of Commerce & Industry, and industry associations on promoting our common objectives of facilitating trade & investment.
  • Some of the areas that ITP Division handles in conjunction with other Ministries are Lines of Credit, consultancy services, civil aviation matters, foreign investment etc. It also provides support to our Commercial Wings abroad in the form of resources and information to enable them to carry out their functions in an efficient and effective matter.

Nice Article on Rupee depreciation

Who should judge the judges?

Padma Awards Announced

The President of India has approved the conferment of Padma Awards-2012.

Padma Vibhushan

1.Shri K G Subramanyan-Art-Painting & Sculpture-West Bengal
2.Late Shri Mario De Miranda-Art-Cartoonist-Goa*
3.Late (Dr.)Bhupen Hazarika-Art- Vocal Music-Assam*
4.Dr. Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti-Medicine - Orthopedics-Maharashtra
5.Shri T V Rajeswar-Civil Service-Delhi

Padma Bhushan

Smt. Shabana Azmi
Art - Cinema
Maharashtra

Shri Khaled Choudhury
Art - Theatre
West Bengal

Shri Jatin Das
Art - Painting
Delhi

Pandit Buddhadev Das Gupta
Art - Instrumental Music - Sarod
West Bengal

Shri Dharmendra Singh Deol alias Dharmendra
Art - Cinema
Maharashtra

Dr. Trippunithwra Viswanathan Gopalkrishnan
Art - Classical vocal and instrumental music
Tamil Nadu

Ms. Mira Nair
Art - Cinema
Delhi

Shri M.S. Gopalakrishnan
Art - Instrumental Music-Violin
Tamil Nadu

Shri Anish Kapoor
Art - Sculpture
UK*

Shri Satya Narayan Goenka
Social Work
Maharashtra

Dr. (Judge) Patibandla Chandrasekhar Rao
Public Affairs
Germany*

Shri George Yong-Boon Yeo
Public Affairs
Singapore*

Prof. Shashikumar Chitre
Science and Engineering
Maharashtra

Dr. M S Raghunathan
Science and Engineering
Maharashtra

Shri Subbiah Murugappa Vellayan
Trade and Industry
Tamil Nadu

Shri Balasubramanian Muthuraman
Trade and Industry
Maharashtra

Dr. Suresh H. Advani
Medicine - Oncology
Maharashtra

Dr. Noshir H Wadia
Medicine-Neurology
Maharashtra

Dr. Devi Prasad Shetty
Medicine-Cardiology
Karnataka

Prof. (Dr.) Shantaram Balwant Mujumdar
Literature and Education
Maharashtra

Prof. Vidya Dehejia
Literature and Education
USA*

Prof. Arvind Panagariya
Literature and Education
USA*

Dr. Jose Pereira
Literature and Education
USA*

Dr. Homi K. Bhabha
Literature and Education
UK *

Shri N Vittal
Civil Service
Kerala

Shri Mata Prasad
Civil Service
Uttar Pradesh

Shri Ronen Sen
Civil Service
West Bengal

Padma Shri

Shri Vanraj Bhatia
Art - Music
Maharashtra

Shri Zia Fariduddin Dagar
Art - Music - vocal
Maharashtra

Smt. Nameirakpam Ibemni Devi
Art - Music- Khongjom Parba
Manipur

Shri Ramachandra Subraya Hegde Chittani
Art - Yakshagana dance drama
Karnataka

Shri Moti Lal Kemmu
Art - Playwright
Jammu and Kashmir

Shri Shahid Parvez Khan
Art - Instrumental Music-Sitar
Maharashtra

Shri Mohan Lal Kumhar
Art - Terracotta
Rajasthan

Shri Sakar Khan Manganiar
Art - Rajasthani Folk Music
Rajasthan

Smt. Joy Michael
Art - Theatre
Delhi

Dr. Minati Mishra
Art - Indian Classical Dance-Odissi.
Orissa

Shri Natesan Muthuswamy
Art - Theatre.
Tamil Nadu

Smt. R. Nagarathnamma
Art - Theatre
Karnataka

Shri Kalamandalm Sivan Nambootiri
Art - Indian Classical Dance- Kutiyattam
Kerala

Smt. Yamunabai Waikar
Art - Indian Folk Music-Lavani.
Maharashtra

Shri Satish Alekar
Art - Playwright
Maharashtra

Pandit Gopal Prasad Dubey
Art - Chhau dance and choreography
Jharkhand

Shri Ramakant Gundecha #
Art - Indian Classical Music- Vocal
Madhya Pradesh
Shri Umakant Gundecha #
Art - Indian Classical Music- Vocal
Madhya Pradesh

Shri Anup Jalota
Art-Indian Classical Music- Vocal
Maharashtra

Shri Soman Nair Priyadarsan
Art - Cinema- Direction
Kerala

Shri Sunil Janah
Art-Photography
Assam


Ms. Laila Tyebji
Art-Handicrafts
Delhi

Shri Vijay Sharma
Art-Painting
Himachal Pradesh

Smt. Shamshad Begum
Social Work
Chattisgarh

Smt. Reeta Devi
Social Work
Delhi

Dr. P.K. Gopal
Social Work
Tamil Nadu

Smt. Phoolbasan Bai Yadav
Social Work
Chattisgarh

Dr. G. Muniratnam
Social Work
Andhra Pradesh

Shri Niranjan Pranshankar Pandya
Social Work
Maharashtra

Dr. Uma Tuli
Social Work
Delhi

Shri Sat Paul Varma
Social Work
Jammu and Kashmir

Smt.Binny Yanga
Social Work
Arunachal Pradesh

Shri Yezdi Hirji Malegam
Public Affairs
Maharashtra


Shri Pravin H. Parekh
Pubic Affairs
Delhi

Dr. V. Adimurthy
Science and Engineering
Kerala

Dr. Krishna Lal Chadha
Science and Engineering - Agriculture
Delhi

Prof. Virander Singh Chauhan
Science and Engineering
Delhi

Prof. Rameshwar Nath Koul Bamezai
Science and Engineering
Jammu and Kashmir

Dr. Vijaypal Singh
Science and Engineering - Agricultural Research
Uttar Pradesh

Dr. Lokesh Kumar Singhal
Science and Engineering
Punjab

Dr. Yagnaswami Sundara Rajan
Science and Engineering
Karnataka

Prof. Jagadish Shukla
Science and Engineering
USA*

Ms. Priya Paul
Trade and Industry
Delhi

Shri Shoji Shiba
Trade and Industry
Japan*

Shri Gopinath Pillai
Trade and Industry
Singapore*

Shri Arun Hastimal Firodia
Trade and Industry
Maharashtra

Dr. Swati A. Piramal
Trade and Industry
Maharashtra

Prof. Mahdi Hasan
Medicine-Anatomy
Uttar Pradesh

Dr. Viswanathan Mohan
Medicine - Diabetology
Tamil Nadu

Dr. J. Hareendran Nair
Medicine - Ayurveda
Kerala

Dr. Vallalarpuram Sennimalai Natarajan
Medicine - Geriatrics
Tamil Nadu

Dr. Jitendra Kumar Singh
Medicine - Oncology
Bihar

Dr. Shrinivas S. Vaishya
Medicine-Healthcare
Daman and Diu

Dr. Nitya Anand
Medicine - Drugs Research
Uttar Pradesh

Late Dr. Jugal Kishore
Medicine - Homoeopathy
Delhi *

Dr. Mukesh Batra
Medicine-Homeopathy
Maharashtra

Dr. Eberhard Fischer
Literature and Education
Switzerland*

Shri Kedar Gurung
Literature and Education
Sikkim

Shri Surjit Singh Patar
Literature and Education - Poetry
Punjab

Shri Vijay Dutt Shridhar
Literature and Education - Journalism
Madhya Pradesh

Shri Irwin Allan Sealy
Literature and Education
Uttarakhand

Ms. Geeta Dharmarajan
Literature and Education
Delhi

Prof. Sachchidanand Sahai
Literature and Education
Haryana

Smt. Pepita Seth
Literature and Education
Kerala

Dr. Ralte L. Thanmawia
Literature and Education
Mizoram

Shri Ajeet Bajaj
Sports - Skiing
Delhi

Smt. Jhulan Goswami
Sports - Women's Cricket
West Bengal

Shri Zafar Iqbal
Sports-Hockey
Uttar Pradesh

Shri Devendra Jhajrija
Sports - Athletics- Paralympics
Rajasthan

Shri Limba Ram
Sports - Archery
Rajasthan

Shri Syed Mohammed Arif
Sports - Badminton
Andhra Pradesh

Prof. Ravi Chaturvedi
Sports- Commentary
Delhi

Shri Prabhakar Vaidya
Sports-Physical Education
Maharashtra

Shri T. Venkatapathi Reddiar
Others-Horticulture
Puducherry

Dr. K. (Kota) Ullas Karanth
Others-Wildlife Conservation and Environment Protection
Karnataka

Shri K Paddayya
Others-Archaeology
Maharashtra

Shri Swapan Guha
Others-Ceramics
Rajasthan

Yeast evolves to multicellular variety in 60 days in the lab




A snowflake yeast cluster with dead cells shown in red. Photo: William C. Ratcliff, University of Minnesota

  • The origin of multicellular life is one of the most important milestones in earth's history. And despite it happening independently nearly two dozen times in the past, very little is known about the way the initial evolution from unicellular to multicellular life had taken place. This is because these transitions occurred some 200 million years ago.
  • Contrary to the general perception that this important transition was challenging, and took a long time to happen, scientists have experimentally proved the ease with which this can take place. They achieved the transition in a yeast species in very short span of time — 60 days. 
  • The multicellular yeast showed many key characteristics of a truly many-celled organism. 
  • Organisms, both unicellular and multicellular, have to adapt to changing conditions like temperature, pressure, nutrient supply, oxygen content etc to survive. For instance, failure to adapt to changing climatic conditions resulted in the extinction of dinosaurs.
  • In this case, the scientists used gravity as a selection pressure as it was easy to observe, study and replicate in a lab using test tubes. Such a selection pressure is however not seen in nature. They used gravity to select for primitive multicellularity by allowing clusters of unicellular yeast to settle at the bottom. Clustering yeast settles faster than single cells, and bigger clusters settle faster than smaller clusters.
  • At the end of the day, those clusters that had settled at the bottom were separated and transferred to a new test tube. After repeating the cycle for two weeks, the researchers could see yeast forming into snowflake-like clusters. 
  • Clusters do tend to form in nature by adhesion of cells. While cells in such clusters are genetically distinct, the clusters formed in the lab were found to be genetically identical. Genetically identical cells in a cluster could have formed only by division of mother cells into daughter cells. 
  • Cells did not divide at random. While cells in the juvenile stage grew rapidly to multiple cells, and hence helped in increasing the size of the cluster, the fully-grown adult stage was marked by division of the matured cells into daughter cells. The presence of both juvenile and adult stages is a mark of true multicellularity. 
  • The fact that single-celled yeast “sacrifices” its ability to reproduce for the good of a collection of cells makes the transition very challenging. It goes against the grain of Darwinian principles. 
  • The scientists also investigated the most vital and crucial question that has been dogging science — transition from unicellular to multicellular life. The most important difference between unicellular and multicellular life lies in the size of the daughter cells. While unicellular yeast divides into two daughter cells of similar size as the parent cell, the daughter cells of multicellular yeast “were consistently half the size of their parental clusters [cells].” 
  • Division of labour between individual cells — another important characteristic of higher order organisms — was seen in the yeast snowflakes. Such is the importance of this characteristic that higher-order organisms have clearly demarcated functions carried out by a specific set of cells. In fact, as the authors write, “cellular differentiation is a hallmark of complex multicellularity.”
  • Similarly, apoptosis or programmed cell death (where old cells die after a point of time) was witnessed. Though apoptosis is seen even in single-celled yeast and other species, the end purpose of apoptosis witnessed in snowflakes was quite different.
  • It was in response to selective pressure — apoptotic cells breaking off from the snowflakes and allowing the rest of the flake to produce greater number of cells within a given time. Bigger clusters settle faster at the bottom and hence become eligible for repeated studies. 
  • For instance, apoptosis had evolved so quickly between selection 14 and 60 that the snowflakes at selection 60 were much bigger than that of at 14. This kind of apoptosis has never before been seen in unicellular yeast. 
  • All these characteristics seen in the snowflakes “demonstrate that multicellular traits readily evolve as a consequence of among-group selection [selective pressure]

Saying Sudan is stealing oil, S. Sudan shuts down wells



  • A South Sudan official said the country had shut down more than 900 oil wells after accusing neighbouring Sudan of stealing its oil.South 
  • Sudan and Kenya signed a memorandum of understanding to build a pipeline from South Sudan's oil fields south to Lamu, on the northern Kenyan coast, where a new port is planned. 
  • South Sudan's Oil Minister Stephen Dhieu Dau said planning for the project would now begin as soon as possible.
  • At the centre of the talks are pipeline fees being charged by Khartoum. All of South Sudan's oil runs through Sudan's pipelines to Port Sudan for export. Khartoum has asked for $32 per barrel of oil shipped through the pipes, but South Sudan has called the offer extortion.

India signs convention against black money

  • India has entered into a multilateral convention on tax matters which until 2010 was available only for European nations and OECD members, a development that will boost the government’s efforts to bring back money illegally stashed abroad.
  • The convention — Mutual Administrative Assistance on Tax Matters — provides for examination of tax affairs of the taxpayers simultaneously in their own territory and share the relevant information with each other.
  • The Mutual Administrative Assistance on Tax Matters is based on international standard of transparency and exchange of information and not only facilitates the exchange of information, but also provides for assistance in the recovery of taxes
  • It is multilateral and a single legal basis for multi-country cooperation as against the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs) and the Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs) which are bilateral. 
  • The Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters also provides for an extensive network and wider forms of cooperation among the signatories on all taxes. 
  • It provides for simultaneous tax examinations and participation in tax examinations in other countries.

UIDAI's mandate expanded

  • In a bid to end the turf war between the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), which comes under the Planning Commission, and the Home Ministry's National Population Register (NPR), a Cabinet Committee has worked out a compromise that will result in the biometric data of all residents being captured by June 2013.
  • The UIDAI has been given permission — and finances to the tune of an additional 5,791 crore — to enrol another 40 crore people in 16 States under its Aadhaar scheme. The NPR will accept the biometric data collected by the UIDAI in those States and continue to collect its own data through the Registrar-General of India in the remaining States. 
  • In return, UIDAI Chairman Nandan Nilekani has promised to address the Home Ministry's security concerns through a full review of the UIDAI processes over the next two months to ensure that its data collection meets the NPR's requirements. 
  • The UIDAI had been mandated to enrol 20 crore people by March 2012. While the UIDAI is a voluntary scheme, the NPR is mandatory for all residents. What this means is that if a resident has enrolled himself with the UIDAI and has had his fingerprints and iris scanned, he can merely give his Aadhaar number to the NPR registrars rather than submitting himself to biometric data collection twice.

India has the most toxic air: Study


  • It is official: India has the world's most toxic air.
  • In a study by Yale and Columbia Universities, India holds the very last rank among 132 nations in terms of air quality with regard to its effect on human health.
  • India scored a miniscule 3.73 out of a possible 100 points in the analysis, lagging far behind the next worst performer, Bangladesh, which scored 13.66. In fact, the entire South Asian region fares badly, with Nepal, Pakistan and China taking up the remaining spots in the bottom five of the rankings.
  • These rankings are part of a wider study to index the nations of the world in terms of their overall environmental performance. The Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy and Columbia's Center for International Earth Science Information Network have brought out the Environment Performance Index rankings every two years since 2006.
  • India's performance over the last two years was relatively good in sectors such as forests, fisheries, biodiversity and climate change. However, in the case of water — both in terms of the ecosystem effects to water resources and the human health effects of water quality — the Indian performance is very poor.
  • The Index report was presented at the World Economic Forum currently taking place in Davos, where it's being pitched as a means to identify the leaders and the laggards on energy and environmental challenges prior to the iconic Rio+20 summit on sustainable development to be held in Brazil this June.

NASA's Kepler telescope discovers 26 new planets

  • Planetary scientists at National Aeronautics and space administration, NASA have announced that the US space agency's Kepler telescope has discovered 26 new planets spread among 11 solar systems.
  • Kepler programme scientist at NASA headquarters, Doug Hudgins, said prior to the Kepler mission, perhaps 500 exoplanets across the whole sky was known. He said now in just two years, Kepler has discovered more than 60 planets and 2,300 planet candidates.
  • The NASA team is, however, yet to determine whether any of these planets are solid rocky bodies like Earth, Venus, Mars and Mercury or are only made of gas like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
  • The scientists have also claimed that the 26 planets orbit their stars between every six and 143 days.

Navdeep Singh gets Ashok Chakra posthumously

  • Lieutenant Navdeep Singh laid down his life fighting terrorists during an anti-infiltration operation along LOC in Gurez Sector of north Kashmir. He was awarded the Ashok Chakra on the Republic Day.

The story of Lieutenant Navdeep Singh:

On receiving information about the infiltration of a group of terrorists at about 0030 hours on 20 August 2011, Lieutenant Navdeep Singh gauged the likely route of the terrorists and laid an ambush at the appropriate spot. When the terrorists were spotted, the ambush was sprung by the officer himself. An exchange of intense fire ensued.

Leading from the front, the officer eliminated three terrorists at close range. On seeing another terrorist approaching their position, with utter disregard to his personal safety, the officer swiftly changed his firing position. While doing so, he got hit by a bullet on his head. He nevertheless managed to eliminate the fourth terrorist. Further, displaying utmost bravery and comradeship, he pulled an injured fellow-soldier to safety and kept firing till he became unconscious due to excessive blood loss.

Thursday, January 26, 2012

Jallikattu


A victorious youth taking control of the bull in a Jallikattu at Alanganallur Madurai

Jallikattu or Manju Virattu is a bull taming sport played in Tamil Nadu as a part of Pongal celebrations usually on Mattu Pongal day. This is one of the oldest living ancient sports seen in the modern era. Although it sounds similar to the Spanish running of the bulls, it is quite different. In Jallikattu, the bull is not killed and the 'matadors' are not supposed to use any weapon. It is held in the villages of Tamil Nadu as a part of the village festival. The festivals are held from January to July, every year.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/
  1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
  2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
  3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
  4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. 
  5. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 
  6. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
  7. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
  8. Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
  9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
  10. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
  11.  Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
  12. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
  13. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
  14. (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. (2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
  15. (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
  16. (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. (2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. (3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
  17. (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
  18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. 
  19. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
  20. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
  21. (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. (2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country. (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
  22. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
  23. (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. (2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. (3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. (4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
  24. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
  25. (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
  26. (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. (2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
  27. (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
  28. Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
  29. (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. (2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. (3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
  30. Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

delineate

de·lin·e·ate
tr.v. de·lin·e·at·ed, de·lin·e·at·ing, de·lin·e·ates
1. To draw or trace the outline of; sketch out.
2. To represent pictorially; depict.
3. To depict in words or gestures; describe.

The government needs to clarify its position on the health rights of its people. It needs to clearly delineate its obligations and establish legal consequences for non-compliance.

TAPI project: India, Pakistan agree on uniform transit fee

  • In a breakthrough that will take forward the ambitious $7.6-billion TAPI (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, India and Pakistan) pipeline project, India and Pakistan on Wednesday agreed to have a uniform transit fee to ferry natural gas from Turkmenistan.
  • Under the in-principle agreement, India will pay transit fee to Pakistan and Afghanistan to get its share of 38 million standard cubic metres a day of gas through the pipeline, while Islamabad will pay ferrying charges to Afghanistan.
  • The 1,735-km-long pipeline will run from Turkmenistan's Yoloten-Osman gas field to Herat and Kandahar province of Afghanistan, before entering Pakistan. In Pakistan, it will reach Multan via Quetta before ending at Fazilka (Punjab) in India. The project envisages a total throughput of 90 million standard cubic metres a day (MSCMD) of gas, of which India is expected to receive 38 MSCMD after it becomes operational.

India, Thailand sign six agreements in education, defence & other sectors


  • India and Thailand on Wednesday signed six agreements including Double Taxation Avoidance Treaty. Other agreements include treaty on Transfer of Sentenced Persons, Defence cooperation, Framework Agreement for Establishing bilateral Free Trade Area , Cooperation in Science & Technology, Cultural Exchange and MoU between Chulalongkorn University and ICCR for setting up a Chair at the India Studies Centre of the University.
  • Both the sides also decided to conclude the comprehensive agreement on trade in goods, services and Investments by mid 2012 to further enhance economic links between the two countries.
  • Ms. Yingluck Shinawatra will also be the Chief Guest at the 63rd Republic Day celebrations in New Delhi on Thursday. 
  • Ms. Yingluck said that she has urged Dr. Manmohan Singh to set up India-Thailand Foundation to increase people-to-people contact. The visiting dignitary said that the Thailand pledges 100,000 US Dollars for the renovation of Nalanda University
  • In a joint statement, India welcomed Thai investments into sectors like infrastructure , computer hardware, automobile, food processing and power generation, as well as tourism and hospitality facilities in the Buddhist circuit. The Thai Prime Minister invited Indian investments to Thailand in information technology, manufacturing, electronics and automotive industry.
  • The two sides agreed to explore possibilities of collaboration between their oil and gas companies in Exploration and Production opportunities in Thailand and India, as well as in third countries. 
  • Both sides noted that the increasing menace of terrorists, criminals, arms and drug traffickers trying to use this region for nefarious activities provided an added urgency to strengthen cooperation in security and intelligence exchange. 
  • It was agreed that a five-year Joint Working Programme on specific elements of cooperation would be finalized urgently. The two leaders unequivocally condemned terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and stressed that there could be no justification whatsoever for any act of terrorism. 
  • Recognizing the common threats to national security from transnational crimes, including international terrorism, the two Prime Ministers resolved to significantly enhance bilateral cooperation in combating terrorism, including in restricting transnational movement and unauthorized stay of known terrorists in each other's countries.
  • The two sides will also expedite the ongoing negotiations on Bilateral Extradition Treaty and the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty on Civil and Commercial Matters.

Wednesday, January 25, 2012

India plans 10 Cr jobs for urban poor in 12th Plan

  • The Union Government has decided to create job opportunities for the nearly 10 crore urban poor under proposed National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM).
  • The mission to be launched in the 12th Five Year Plan will replace the Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojana (SJSRY) started in 1997
  • All programmes and policies for the poor in urban areas will be converged under the NULM so that benefits can reach the targeted section

Sumatran elephants could be extinct in 30 years



  • The Sumatran elephant could be extinct in the wild within three decades unless immediate steps are taken to slow the breakneck pace of deforestation, environmentalists warned
  • The International Union for Conservation of Nature recently listed the animals as “critically endangered” after their numbers dropped to between 2,400 and 2,800 from an estimated 5,000 in 1985.
  • The decline is largely because of destruction of their habitat, with forests all across the Indonesian island of Sumatra being clear-cut for timber, palm oil and pulp and paper plantations.
  • Sumatra has some of the most significant populations of Asian elephants outside of India and Sri Lanka and is also home to tigers, orangutans and rhinos.

Tuesday, January 24, 2012

World Wide Fund for Nature

Operation Atlanta

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Atalanta

Croatia voters vote in favor of joining European Union



  • Croatia has voted to join the EU, delivering a greater than expected yes vote in a referendum watched nervously in Brussels for fear of a backlash.
  • The endorsement means that Croatia, barring any last-minute hiccups, will become EU member
  • Only once before in the country's 20 years of independence has a referendum been held, that to secede from Yugoslavia in 1991.

Monday, January 23, 2012

EU set to slap embargo on Iran's oil exports

  • The European Union is set to slap an embargo on Iran's oil exports as the West ramped up pressure over the country's suspect nuclear drive and urged Tehran to return to the negotiating table.
  • In the toughest measures yet to reduce Iran's ability to fund a nuclear weapons programme, EU Foreign Ministers meeting today is to strengthen existing sanctions by banning imports of Iranian crude as well as targeting finance, petrochemicals and gold.
  • The measures come amid heightened concerns of confrontation following reports by the UN atomic agency, the IAEA, that Tehran is inching ever closer to building a nuclear bomb.

India receives its first nuclear powered submarine INS Chakra

  • India's first nuclear powered submarine 'INS Chakra' has been formally received by Indian Ambassador to Russia
  • The Russian built submarine was handed over at a ceremony in the far Eastern Russian Port of Primorye . This makes India the 6th operator of such submarines in the world after the US , Russia , China , the UK and France to operate nuclear under water vessel.
  • The submarine originally known as Nerpa, has been rechristened INS Chakra and has been given to India on a lease ten years worth 900 million US dollar.
  • AIR correspondent reports that with a displacement of 12,770 tonnes and maximum speed of 30 knots, the submarine is armed with four 533 mm torpedo tubes and four 650 mm torpedo tubes.

Saleh gets immunity

  • Yemen's Parliament approved immunity to free President Ali Abdullah Saleh from prosecution, following through on a requirement in a deal for him to give up power.
  • The agreement, though internationally endorsed and struck between Mr. Saleh and opposition leaders in November, remained controversial with critics who say he should be punished for acts during his 33 years as President, including what anti-government protesters and Human Rights Watch say was the killing of hundreds of demonstrators by his security forces.
  • Mr. Saleh had already handed over some authority to Vice President Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi, whom, according to Saba, the Parliament nominated on Saturday as the consensus candidate for an early presidential election, scheduled for Feb. 21. The move had been expected, and thus far, Mr. Hadi was the only official candidate. Yemeni officials recently expressed concern that elections could be postponed because of the chaotic state of the country.

Silocosis

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000134.htm

Sunday, January 22, 2012

Nigeria’s Boko Haram Kills at Least 165 People in Kano Bombings

  • At least 165 people were killed in the northern Nigerian city of Kano in bomb attacks by the Islamist militant group Boko Haram on government buildings.
  • The group claimed responsibility for the blasts that struck eight government buildings on Jan. 20, its spokesman, Abu Qaqa, said by phone. 
  • Authorities in Africa’s top oil producer blame Boko Haram, whose name means “Western education is a sin,” for bombings and attacks in the mainly Muslim north and the capital Abuja over the past year.
  • President Goodluck Jonathan declared a state of emergency in parts of four states in the northeast region on Dec. 31 and set up a special counterterrorism unit within the armed forces after at least 43 people died and 73 were wounded in a Christmas day bombing of a church near Abuja. Islamic militants pose a worse threat to the country than the 1967-1970 Biafra civil war, Jonathan said on Jan. 8.

Homai Vyarawalla

Homai Vyarawalla (9 December 1913 – 15 January 2012), commonly known by her pseudonym "Dalda 13," was India's first woman photojournalist. First active in the late 1930s, she retired in the early 1970s. In 2011, she was awarded Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India

Huge majority for Muslim Brotherhood

  • Egypt's Islamists led by the once-banned Muslim Brotherhood clinched two thirds of seats in Parliament in historic polls after the ouster of strongman Hosni Mubarak, official results showed.
  • The Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) won 235 seats in the new People's Assembly, or 47.18 per cent
  • The FJP secured 127 seats on party lists and its candidates won another 108 in first-past-the-post constituency votes.
  • The ultra-conservative Salafist Al-Nur party came second with 121 seats or 24.29 per cent, and the liberal Wafd Party was third with nearly nine per cent.
  • The landmark election was the first since Mr. Mubarak's overthrow last February. It began in November and was carried out in three stages.
  • The People's Assembly, or Lower House, is made up of 498 elected MPs and 10 appointed by the ruling military which took over after Mr. Mubarak quit last February 11. It will hold its first session on Monday.
  • In Egypt's complex electoral system, voters cast ballots for party list candidates to make up two thirds of parliament, and direct votes for individual candidates for the remaining third.
  • Elections for Parliament's upper house, the Shura Council, are to begin later this month and conclude in February. Then the two chambers will choose a 100-member panel to draft a new constitution.
  • A new president will then be elected by June under the timetable set by the military rulers who announced that candidates can register for the presidency from April 15.

Oil Ministry moots extra excise duty on diesel cars

  • The Petroleum and Natural Gas Ministry has proposed an additional excise duty of Rs.80,000 on diesel-driven cars in the coming Budget, besides seeking a 5 per cent import duty exemption on LNG and natural gas to discourage dieselisation.
  • These are part of the budgetary proposals officially sent by the Ministry to the Finance Ministry for inclusion in the Budget 2012-13. These recommendations, made to the Finance Ministry formally for the first time, are in line with the suggestions made by the Kirit Parikh Committee

Agni V in final phase of testing


  • Agni-V, the 5,000-km version of the nuclear capable missile, is in the final phase of testing and is soon set for launch, a senior DRDO official said here today.
  • The three-stage Agni-V and the two-stage Agni-IV are poised to add credible deterrence against countries which have missiles like the 11,200-km Dong Feng-31A 
  • Agni-V will feature Multiple Independently-Targeted Re-entry Vehicles (MIRVs) with each missile being capable of carrying 3-10 separate warheads
Dong Feng-31 A
The Dong Feng 31 is a long-range, road-mobile, three stage, solid propellant intercontinental ballistic missile in the Dongfeng missile series developed by the People's Republic of China. It is designed to carry a single 1,000kt thermal nuclear warhead. It is a land-based variant of the submarine launched JL-2. It is operated by the Second Artillery Corps (SAC) which is estimated to have under 15 DF-31 missiles and under 15 DF-31A missiles in inventory.
The DF-31A is believed to have incorporated many advanced technologies similar to current generation Russian ICBMs, including the use of penetration aids such as decoys or chaff and maneuverable reentry vehicles to complicate enemy's missile warning and defense system.

MIRV

A multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) warhead is a collection of nuclear weapons carried on a single intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) or a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). Using a MIRV warhead, a single launched missile can strike several targets individually, or fewer targets redundantly. By contrast a unitary warhead is a single warhead on a single missile.

Mode of operation

GOI and World Bank Sign an Agreement to Improve Livelihoods for 300,000 Village Households in North Eastern States


  • The Government of India and the World Bank signed an IDA credit of US$ 130 million to finance the Government of India's (GOI) efforts to empower rural communities in the growth-deficient North East (NE) region to improve their livelihood opportunities.
  • The North East Rural Livelihoods Project (NERLP) will enhance the livelihoods of the rural poor, especially women, unemployed youth and the severely disadvantaged in eight districts of the four participating states- Mizoram; Nagaland; South, Sikkim; andTripura.
  • Despite its rich natural resources and relatively good human development indicators, the North East (NE) region lags behind the rest of India in important parameters of growth. 
  • Almost 35 percent of its predominantly rural population lives below the poverty line; agricultural productivity is low; and high school drop-out rates and lack of skills have led to high unemployment among the youth. 
  • This low-growth scenario is exacerbated by problems of geographical inaccessibility, protracted insurgency in some areas, and recurring natural disasters.
  • Recognizing the urgent need to put economic growth on track in the NE, the Government of India developed the North Eastern Region (NER) Vision 2020, endorsed by all NE states. The Vision envisages using a partnership-approach with all relevant stakeholders to make interventions responsive to people’s needs and aspirations for a better quality of life.
  • The Project seeks to develop an institutional platform for the communities, which will help them link up with the private sector, public sector, and civil society and to acquire the institutional, technical, and financial capacity needed for improving their livelihoods.
  • Global development experience shows that absolute poverty can be overcome by equipping a member of the household (especially a youth) with employable skills. A separate activity for skills development and job placement has thus been included in the project to ensure that such opportunities are available to the rural poor. 
  • Some livelihood opportunities envisaged under the Project include natural resource management activities such as forest management, non-timber forest produce storage and processing, horticulture, preservation of riverine fishes, water harvesting and recharging of ground/surface water in the villages; community-based infrastructure activities like upgrading of small agricultural link roads, micro hydro-power schemes, wind-cum-solar mills, to name a few.
  • The Project comprises four main components (i) Social Empowerment; (ii) Economic Empowerment; (iii) Partnership Development and (iv) Project Management. 
  • The first component seeks to help rural communities to create sustainable institutions so that they can manage common activities around microfinance, livelihoods and natural resource management. 
  • The second component will provide funds to the community institutions to undertake various livelihood activities, as well as provide self-entrepreneurship opportunities to unemployed youth. To enable this, the Project with help develop partnerships with various formal financial intermediaries - such as microfinance institutions, commercial banks, development financial institutions such as National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), and specialized funding agencies such as North East Development Finance Institution (NEDFI) – and with the private sector and civil society to allow rural communities to access technical and marketing support. 
  • The project management component facilitates the implementation, coordination, monitoring and evaluation, learning and quality enhancement efforts of the project.
  • The credit from the International Development Association (IDA), the World Bank’s concessionary lending arm, has a final maturity of 25 years, including 5 year grace period.

Draft Public Procurement Bill,2011

http://finmin.nic.in/the_ministry/dept_expenditure/ppcell/Salient_features_Draft_PP_Bill.pdf

Status of Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana


Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY), implemented by Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation throughout the country since 1.12.1997, has been comprehensively revamped with effect from 2009-10.

Components
Achievements
Number of urban poor assisted for individual micro-enterprises under Urban Self Employment Programme (USEP)
11,72,244
Number of urban poor women assisted for group micro-enterprises under Urban Women Self-help Programme (UWSP)
4,69,948 
Number of urban poor imparted skill training under Skill Training for Employment Promotion amongst Urban Poor (STEP-UP)

20,13,352
Number of mandays created under Urban Wage Employment Programme (UWEP)
771.87 Lakhs



Central share under SJSRY is tentatively allocated between the States / UTs in relation to the incidence of urban poverty (number of urban poor) estimated by the Planning Commission from time to time. Funding under SJSRY is shared between the Centre and the States in the ratio of 75:25. For Special Category States, the funding is shared between the Centre and the States in the ratio of 90:10. Year-wise allocation of the scheme in the Union Budget since its inception is as below:-

Year
Allocation
(Rs. In Crore)
1997-1998
98.63
1998-1999
158.47
1999-2000
176.35
2000-2001
163.70
2001-2002
163.74
2002-2003
100.74
2003-2004
105.00
2004-2005
123.00
2005-2006
160.00
2006-2007
250.00
2007-2008
344.00
2008-2009 
515.00
2009-2010
515.00
2010-2011
589.68
2011-2012
813.00

Saturday, January 21, 2012

German Schulz is elected EU Parliament chief

Germany's Martin Schulz reacts during the election of the European Parliament new president in Strasbourg, eastern France on Tuesday. Photo:AP
 
  • A German socialist known for his fiery rhetoric has been elected president of the European Parliament, promising to increase the role of the 27-nation legislature.
  • Martin Schulz replaces Poland’s Jerzy Buzek, who did not seek re-election. He handily defeated two British legislators Nirj Deva and Diana Wallis in the first round of balloting on Tuesday. 
  • Mr. Schulz gained international prominence in 2003 when Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi called him an ideal choice for a Nazi concentration camp guard. Berlusconi was forced to apologize later. 
  • The long-time socialist leader in the legislature, Mr. Schulz plans to use his new position to seek more European integration and more political power to help tackle the financial crisis.

U.S. halts anti-piracy bills following online protest

  • Caving to a massive campaign by Internet services and their millions of users, the U.S. Congress indefinitely postponed legislation Friday to stop online piracy of movies and music costing U.S. companies billions of dollars every year.
  • Critics said the bills would result in censorship and stifle Internet innovation. 
  • The demise, at least for the time being, of the anti-piracy bills was a clear victory for Silicon Valley over Hollywood, which has campaigned for a tougher response to online piracy. The legislation also would cover the counterfeiting of drugs and car parts.
  • In the U.S., momentum against the Senate’s Protect Intellectual Property Act and the House’s Stop Online Piracy Act, known popularly as PIPA and SOPA, grew quickly on Wednesday when the online encyclopedia Wikipedia and other Web giants staged a one-day blackout and Google organised a petition drive that attracted more than seven million participants.
  • The two bills would allow the Justice Department, and copyright holders, to seek court orders against foreign websites accused of copyright infringement. The legislation would bar online advertising networks and payment facilitators such as credit card companies from doing business with an alleged violator. They also would forbid search engines from linking to such sites.

Foreign players to get stake in Indian carriers

  • As the debt-laden civil aviation industry battles hard to stay afloat, the government said that it would kickstart the process to allow foreign airlines 49 per cent stake in Indian carriers, signalling a major shift in the UPA government's policy

New accounting system for government educational institutions from 2013

  • All government higher educational institutions will have to mandatorily follow a standardised accounting system from 2013 academic session to bring in more transparency, accountability and good governance.
  • The accounting system has been recommended by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) that had been asked by the Ministry last year to suggest a transparency accounting system in the educational institutions.
  • The new format will be helpful for presenting general purpose financial statements to ensure proper accountability, financial discipline, end-use of funds and to meet the needs of stakeholders. 
  • It will define transparently the revenue earned through various sources – tuition fee and other charges, income from consultancy or from intellectual property owned by the institution. It will also identify costs and revenue separately for under graduate and post graduate programmes and for research and teaching activities. It will help define relevant financial ratios derived from accounts for comparison on research to total expenditure, income from fees to total income, salary expenditure to total expenditure among other things.

Drug-resistant TB cases notification mandatory in Maharashtra

  • Even as the Centre refused to acknowledge the emergence of totally drug resistant (TDR) TB cases, the Maharashtra government has decided to introduce mandatory notification of all multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis cases. Non-compliance of this notification will attract punishment. The Maharashtra government will also adopt these cases and offer them free treatment.
  • All public and private sector laboratories will have to report any such suspected drug resistant cases, re-test them from a Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) accredited laboratory and treat all such confirmed drug resistant TB cases as per the RNTCP guidelines.
  • A statement issued by the Central team that visited Mumbai following reporting of 12 TDR TB cases — three of whom have since died — said that the cases has been “erroneously” labelled as TDR-TB and cases reported by Hinduja Hospital fall only within the category of Extensively Drug Resistant TB (XDR TB) based on standard WHO definitions.
  • Diagnosis of XDR TB must be based on microbiological confirmation from the accredited national reference laboratories namely National Institute of Research in TB in Chennai, National TB Institute in Bangalore and LRS Institute of TB and Respiratory Diseases in New Delhi.

Centre plans audits to keep a tab on proper use of NRHM funds

  • In the wake of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) scam that surfaced in Uttar Pradesh, the Centre is planning to conduct regular audits across the country to check whether the NRHM funds were properly utilised.
  • This is of utmost importance as NRHM has been extended for another five years during the 12 five year plan. A National Urban Health Mission is also being planned.
  • Pointing out that the audits would be easy to conduct, the health Ministry had a list of all hospitals and healthcare facilities run by the State governments. “Every year, centre allocates Rs. 15,000 crore to the State governments for upgrading healthcare infrastructure. Teams of officials will visit these facilities to see if the infrastructure had actually been provided
  • NRHM was launched in 2005 with a mission to provide accessible, equitable and affordable healthcare services to people. 
  • While 1.4 lakh personnel were added to the health system, infrastructure was strengthened by taking up the construction or renovation of 594 district hospitals, 2,721 community health centres, 5,459 primary health centres and 31,001 sub-centres in the country

Jaipur Literature Festival 2012 starts

  • The mild disappointment over the absence of writer Salman Rushdie notwithstanding, the Jaipur Literature Festival 2012 got off to a bright start

Vodafone wins Rs. 11,000-cr. tax case in Supreme Court

  • The Supreme Court on Friday set aside the demand of the Indian tax authorities asking the Netherlands-based holding company of Vodafone to pay capital gains tax to the tune of over Rs. 11,000 cr. on a 2007 offshore transaction in the purchase of a Cayman Islands-based minority shareholder in Hutch-Essar.
  • The offshore transaction, which gave the Vodafone holding company a 67 per cent stake in Hutch-Essar, was a bonafide, structured foreign direct investment (FDI) into India, held a three-judge Bench of Chief Justice S.H. Kapadia and Justices K.S. Radhakrishnan and Swantantar Kumar.
  • “The offshore transaction evidences participative investment, not a sham or tax avoidant pre-ordained transaction. It is between a Cayman Islands company and a company incorporated in Netherlands. The subject matter was the transfer of a company incorporated in Cayman Islands. Consequently, Indian tax authorities had no territorial tax jurisdiction to tax the offshore transaction,” the Bench said.
  • Vodafone International Holdings BV, a company resident for tax purposes in the Netherlands, acquired the entire share capital of CGP Investments (Holdings) Ltd. (CGP) a company resident for tax purposes in Cayman Islands on Feb 11, 2007.
  • Revenue authorities claimed that this would give the Netherlands-based company a 67 per cent controlling interest in Hutch-Essar, a company resident for tax purposes in India. However, Vodafone disputed this saying that it only controlled a 67 per cent interest, but not controlling interest, in Hutchison Essar Limited. According to Vodafone it was asked by the IT department in October 2010, to pay Rs. 11,217 crore towards capital gains tax. After the Bombay High Court upheld the demand, the company filed an appeal in the Supreme Court. The apex court asked the company to deposit the initially assessed amount by way of a Rs. 2,500 crore deposit with the Registry and Rs. 8,500 crore as a bank guarantee. Its contention was that if tax was to be paid, it would be paid by the seller and not the buyer.

Kerala girl is world champion in table tennis


  • Mariya Rony, a 14-year-old table tennis player, formed part of the victorious Asian team in the ITTF Global Cadet Challenge in San Juan, Puerto Rico
  • Conducted as a continental event for the under-15 age group by the International Table Tennis Federation, Mariya had company in Liu Gaoyang (China), Lee Seui (South Korea), and Doo Hai Kem (Hong Kong) as the Asian side triumphed over North America in the team final.
  • Mariya's selection to the Asian team was facilitated on the basis of her superb show in the 17th Asian junior table tennis championship in New Delhi last year.
  • Only one player from a country is selected to represent the continent in the ITTF Global Cadet Challenge.